11種國際貿易術語

11 International Trade Terms

大家好，我是Arbor。今天我整理了11種貿易術語，這是每個從事國際貨物運輸的人都必須知道的。

This is Arbor from Austway logistics PTY LTD., ShenZhen, China. Today I have compiled a list of 11 trade terms that everyone involved in the international transport of goods must know.

我看過一些資深貨代寫的文章，他們對貨代工作的評價都不是很好。一是準入門檻低，里面的人魚龍混雜，一些素質低的人拉低了行業下限。二是工作壓力大，工資卻不高，因為市場上同行競爭激烈。三是在外資企業或者船公司，能有更好的發展。

I have read some articles written by senior freight forwarders, and their evaluation of freight forwarder work is not very good. First, the entry threshold is low, so some poorly qualified people discredit the business. Second, the work pressure is high, but the salary is not high, because of the fierce competition in the market. Third, if you are in foreign enterprises or shipping companies, you can have better development.

在貨代市場，確實很像劣幣驅逐良幣。就拿貿易術語來說，我們很少全部認全，因為用不上。很多買家和賣家都搞不清楚其中的差別，他們自己協商好誰付運費后，我們只要跟他們做加減法，確認服務然后報價就行。比如，問他們是自己把貨送到倉庫還是我們去提？要不要運費含稅？要不要報關清關？要不要保險？要不要中澳證？等等。

但是夢想還是要有的，如果以后有機會登上更大的平臺，這些術語都是必須熟知的。

In the freight forwarding market, it is really like bad money drives out good money. Take trade terms for example, we seldom know all of them because we seldom use them. Even many buyers and sellers are confused about the difference. After they have negotiated who will pay the freight, we just need add or subtract from the service and then quote. For example, will you deliver the goods to the warehouse or should we pick them up? Want the freight to include tax or not? Want customs clearance or not? Want insurance or not? Want COOFTA or not?




注：以下條例解釋來自《2010年國際貿易術語解釋通則》(INCOTERMS 2010)

Attention: The following regulations are explained from INCOTERMS 2010.

一，適用于水上運輸方式的貿易術語

1.FAS (Free Alongside Ship) 船邊交貨

賣方要在合同中約定的日期或者期限內，將貨物運到合同規定的裝運港口，并交到買方指派的船只旁邊，即完成交貨義務。另外，賣方要提供商業發票以及合同要求的其他單證。

若買方的船只不能靠岸，駁船費用由賣方承擔。

The seller shall deliver the goods to the vessel named by the buyer within the stipulated time limit. In addition, the seller should provide commercial invoice and other documents required by the contract.

If the Buyer's Vessel is unable to dock, the Barge Charges shall be borne by the Seller.

2.FOB (Free on Board) 裝運港船上交貨

賣方要在合同中約定的日期或者期限內，將貨物運到合同規定的裝運港口，并交到買方指派的船只的船上，即完成交貨義務。另外，賣方要提供商業發票以及合同要求的其他單證。

貨物風險劃分以裝船時的船舷為界。

The seller shall deliver the goods to the vessel’s board named by the buyer within the stipulated time limit. In addition, the seller should provide commercial invoice and other documents required by the contract.

The cargo risks are classified according to the ship's side at the time of loading.




3.CFR (Cost and Freight) 成本加運費

賣方要在合同中約定的日期或者期限內，將貨物運到合同規定的裝運港口，并交到買方指派的船只的船上，即完成交貨義務。另外，賣方要提供商業發票以及合同要求的其他單證。

賣方貨物裝船后必須及時向買方發出裝船通知，以便買方收取貨物和辦理保險，否則貨物損失由賣方負責。

The seller shall deliver the goods to the vessel’s board named by the buyer within the stipulated time limit. In addition, the seller should provide commercial invoice and other documents required by the contract.

The seller must give shipping notice to the buyer in time after loading the goods, so that the buyer can take delivery of the goods and handle insurance, otherwise the seller shall be responsible for the loss of the goods.

4.CIF (Cost Insurance Freight) 成本加運費、保險

賣方要在合同中約定的日期或者期限內，將貨物運到合同規定的裝運港口，并交到買方指派的船只的船上，即完成交貨義務。另外，賣方要提供商業發票以及合同要求的其他單證。

注意此條例為象征性交貨：賣方按期完成裝運，向買方提交合同規定的包括物權憑證在內的有關單證，就完成了交貨義務，無論貨運運輸中是否毀壞，買方都必須付款。

The seller shall deliver the goods to the vessel’s board named by the buyer within the stipulated time limit. In addition, the seller should provide commercial invoice and other documents required by the contract.

Note that when the seller completes the shipment on schedule and presents to the buyer the relevant documents including the certificate of title as stipulated in the contract, the seller shall have fulfilled the obligation of delivery.




二，適用于各種運輸方式的貿易術語

1.EXW (Ex Works) 工廠交貨

賣方在合同約定的交貨時間內，在商品產地或所在地交貨。另外，賣方要提供商業發票以及合同要求的其他單證。

賣方需要協助買方辦理出口海關手續，但是貨物被禁止出口的風險由買方承擔。在11條貿易術語中成交價格最低，對買方很有吸引力。

The seller shall deliver the goods at the origin within the time of the contract. In addition, the seller should provide commercial invoice and other documents required by the contract.

The seller shall assist the buyer to go through the export customs formalities, but the risk of the goods being prohibited from export shall be borne by the buyer. The transaction price is the lowest among the 11 trade terms, which is very attractive to buyers.




2.FCA (Free Carrier) 貨交承運人

賣方在合同約定的交貨時間內，貨物交至買方指定的承運人。另外，賣方要提供商業發票以及合同要求的其他單證。

如果約定地點是賣方所在地，賣方承擔裝卸費，其他地點則無。賣方可以選擇合適的交貨地點。

The seller shall deliver the goods to the carrier designated by the buyer within the time of delivery agreed in the contract. In addition, the seller should provide commercial invoice and other documents required by the contract.

If the agreed place is at the Seller's place, the Seller shall pay the handling charges.




3.CPT (Carriage Paid To) 運費付至

賣方在合同約定的交貨時間內，貨物交至賣方指定的承運人。另外，賣方要提供商業發票以及合同要求的其他單證。

注意賣方支付貨至目的地的費用，但是風險在貨交承運人時就已經轉移。

The seller shall deliver the goods to the carrier designated by the seller within the time of delivery agreed in the contract. In addition, the seller should provide commercial invoice and other documents required by the contract.

Note that the seller pays the cost of the goods to the destination, but the risk is passed on delivery to the carrier.

4.CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To) 運費、保險費付至

賣方在合同約定的交貨時間內，貨物交至賣方指定的承運人。另外，賣方要提供商業發票以及合同要求的其他單證。賣方承擔運費和保險。

注意賣方風險已經在貨交承運人時轉移，辦理的保險屬于代辦性質。

The seller shall deliver the goods to the carrier designated by the seller within the time of delivery agreed in the contract. In addition, the seller should provide commercial invoice and other documents required by the contract.

Note that the seller's risk has been transferred on delivery of the goods to the carrier and the insurance is on an agency basis.




5. DAT (Delivered At Terminal) 運輸終端交貨

賣方在合同約定的交貨時間內，貨物交至合同規定的目的地港口或其他終端，并將貨物卸下。另外，賣方要提供商業發票以及合同要求的其他單證。

賣方要支付包括第三國的過境費用，但是不包括進口國的清關費用。運輸途中風險賣家自己承擔，自行決定是否辦理保險。

The seller shall deliver the goods to the port of destination or other terminal stipulated in the contract and discharge the goods within the time of delivery agreed in the contract. In addition, the seller should provide commercial invoice and other documents required by the contract.

The seller shall pay the transit costs including those of the third country, but not the customs clearance costs of the importing country. The risk on the way of transportation is borne by the seller himself, so by his own decision whether to deal with insurance




6.DAP (Delivered At Place) 目的地交貨

賣方在合同約定的交貨時間內，貨物交至合同規定的目的地，卸貨前完成交貨。另外，賣方要提供商業發票以及合同要求的其他單證。

買方需要支付進口費和卸貨費。運輸途中風險賣家自己承擔，自行決定是否辦理保險。

The seller shall deliver the goods to the destination stipulated in the contract within the delivery time stipulated in the contract and complete the delivery before unloading. In addition, the seller should provide commercial invoice and other documents required by the contract.

The buyer has to pay the import charge and the unloading charge. The risk on the way of transportation is borne by the seller himself, so by his own decision whether to deal with insurance

7.DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) 完稅后交貨

賣方在合同約定的交貨時間內，貨物交至合同規定的目的地，并且完成進口清關手續。11條貿易術語中，賣方承擔風險、責任和費用最大。

The seller shall deliver the goods to the destination specified in the contract and complete the import customs clearance procedures within the time of delivery agreed in the contract. Among the 11 trade terms, the seller bears the greatest risk, liability and cost.