中國于2001年末加入了世界貿易組織，因此要遵守世界貿易組織的市場準入、國民待遇等原則。企業競爭不僅表現為國內競爭，而且最重要的是國際競爭。

　目前，中國有實力的大企業積極 開拓國際市場，實行跨國經營戰略。在中國企業走向國際市場的時候，大批國際跨國公司紛紛在中國投資，設立經營機構，成為外資流入中國的主要形式。同時，中國政府為了鼓勵外商投資也采取了各種優惠措施。

　通曉外語、具有國際化運作經驗、掌握國際運作規則的人成為企業爭奪的焦點。

　為適應加入WTO的需要，在計劃經濟體制下建立起來的各種經濟制度紛紛被廢止和更新，新的經濟規則逐步建立和完善。

　中國人的思想意識也逐步趨于開放和國際化。能夠從世界的角度來看待和分析問題，并且更加 善于學習和接受新鮮事物。

　英：報關員教材

　Following are some of the common terms you are likely to hear in any discussion about the global economy:

　Balance of trade

　 Difference in trade (value of a country’s import and export of merchandise), expressed as a monetary figure, between any two countries or any two regions. If country A imports more than they export to country B, then country A has a deficit in their balance of trade with country B, whereas country B has a surplus in their balance of trade with country A.

　WTO

　 World Trade Organization, established in 1995, is responsible formonitoring national trading policies, handling trade disputes, and enforcing the GATT (General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs) agreements, which are designed to reduce tariffs and other barriers to international trade and to eliminate discriminatory treatment in international commerce.

　Competitive advantage

　 A nation’s competitiveness depends on the capacity of its industry to innovate and upgrade. Companies gain advantage against the world’s best competitors because of pressure and challenge. They benefit from having strong domestic rivals, aggressive home-based suppliers, and demanding local customers. Competitive advanta

　Free trade

　 Trade or commerce carried on without such restrictions as import duties, export bounties, domestic production subsidies, trade quotas, or import licenses. The basic argument for free trade is based on the economic theory of comparative advantage: each region should concentrate on what it can produce most cheaply and efficiently and should exchange its products for　　 those it is less able to produce economically.

　Capital flow

　 Movement of large sums of money from one country to another to seek higher rates of return and for investment purposes.

　GNP

　 Gross National Product, total value of goods and services produced in an economy over a particular period of time, usually 1 year. The GNP growth rate is the primary indicator of the status of the economy. Made up of consumer and government purchases, private, domestic and foreign investments, and the total value of exports.

　GDP

　 Gross Domestic Product, same as GNP, with the exception that the total value of goods and services excludes foreign investments and the total value of exports.

　Repatriation of profits

　 Return of the financial assets or generated income of an organization or individual from a foreign country to the home country.

　Tariffs

　 Tax on imports or exports usually imposed to raise revenue or to protect domestic firms from import competition. May also be designed to correct an imbalance of payments. The money collected under tariffs is called duty or customs duty.

　

　以下是一些探討全球經濟的常用術語：

　進出口貿易差額

　兩國或兩地區之間以貨幣量來表示的貿易差額（一國貿易額也即該國的商品進出口總額）。如果A國對B國的進口總額大于出口總額 ，那么A國與B國的貿易出現了貿易逆差，而B國則出現貿易順差。

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